Hotel Management

The term hotel management also refers to hospitality management. This is also named as hotel and tourism management, or hotel administration. This is one of the popular degrees which most of the universities and educational institutes in the globe award to desired students.

The hotel management is generally administered by a manager, hotel proprietor or an accommodation manager. This designation is held by the individual who conduct the business of a hotel, resort, lodge, cabin, cottage, inn or other rented living concerned enterprise. One can acquire this position by qualifying the hotel management course which will enable him/her to accomplish the job with high skills. 

The management of the hotel business is not restricted to one or two aspects such as to manage the hotel employees or the business merely but to look after the other departments like maintenance of sanitary standards & other hotel amenities, guest and client service, buying and selling management, budget management, commercial book keeping, and further more operations. 

The secondary division managers that are in charge of separate departments and core functions of the hotel business procedure mostly assist the General Manager. An undersized hotel business generally may comprise of a little key management group composed of a small number of essential department overseers who hold daily procedures in a straight line. On the contrary a hotel or lodging of broad and entire services is run like a large company led by the General Manager with an administrative panel comprising of important directors working as chiefs of separate hotel areas. 

Below is an example of a hierarchy of a hotel management of a big symbolic resort hotel.

A Vice President or Owner/Investors appoints a General Manager also called Managing Director whose subordinates are Associate General Manager. There are heads of each department which are mostly called directors such as Housekeeping Executive, Director of Sales & Marketing, Director of Food & Beverage, Director of Events & Catering, Director of Finance, Director of Engineering and Director of Human Resources. These directors oversee different subordinates of their respective departments such as Guest Service Manager, Reservations Manager, Housekeeping Manager, Floor Manager, Laundry Manager, Restaurant Manager, Room Service Manager, Club Manager, Bar Manager, Human Resources Manager, Banquet Manager, Hiring Manager, Training Manager, Employee Dealing Manager, Security Head and many others. 

The manager of a typical hotel depending on the size generally performs operational duties including observing staff performance, managing discontented customers, handling work chart, buying goods, recruiting new staff, carrying out inspections of hotel conveniences and more. And for the purpose of professional growth and new tasks, the managers are frequently obligated to be present at usual section sittings, management meetings or learning sessions.

Expensive Medicines in Pakistan

The high price of prescribed drugs is not small news. You regularly hear concerning it on television, in your doctor’s workplace, and even on the campaign path. When you think about expensive medication, you will deem novel therapies for carcinoma or hepatitis C, but indeed, costs are shooting up for the generic versions of some usually prescribed drugs.Rising prices of medicines and diagnostic tests have created economical treatment troublesome for many folks in Pakistan with small financial gain levels. The country conjointly undergoes shortage of doctors.

Medicines at Chemist Shop in Pakistan

Mounting prices of medicines in Pakistan have made it less economical for the common individual. The country has to straighten its nationwide drug plan quickly, to allow the less affordable person to purchase easily for daily dose of his prescribed medicines.

In most situations, drug expenses could demand up to 80 % of a poor family’s inadequate household budget. Several of the only bread-earners of the family are observed, selflessly missing several amounts of their everyday medications and every week to cope with their financial issues. This induces a severe loss of the accessibility to health-care that is already a rare privilege for billions of families in Pakistan, because of the poor medical care facilities in the nation.

The doctors do confess that generally the worth of medication that they are recommending are on the larger part but amazingly, they see the affected person to be one of the primary hurdle in prescription of the cost-effective high quality items. Several prescribers own up that due to lack of the exercise of family doctors in Pakistan, the sufferers straightly head to the skilled professional, rather than obtaining directed through family physician as is the exercise within the Western and every other nation of the world.

These skilled professionals owing to their experiences and credentials do cost great charges, which is straight forward to understand, but once the same individuals are counseled with economical medications they're unsure whether or not their physician has handled them properly. This frame of mind is needed to be modified within the masses as well as the press must work along similarly.

Patients taking Medicines from a Hospital

Fewer and less individuals ask for recommendation from doctors. Even in such a condition that fees haven't risen, however the worth of medicines is great, and even once they visit a physician they usually cannot follow-up on proper care, as medications are on the far side their price range.

In the medicine business the choices for the physician as well as the client are reduced due to; Price-based market division, extreme marketing demarcation (without a lot of difference within the generics), competitive advertising, unjust marketing strategies or unexplained information on costs. Contradiction and partiality within the pharmaceutical policies and health plans may be a major cause of varying and high medication costs.

To determine this matter, we need to thoughtfully assess the equity of drug costs in the country, whereas condemning the unjust prescription exercises among some dishonest medical practitioners, who recommend costly medicines to low affording patients for personal edges.

The Constitution of Pakistan and The Education

Education for All

In Article 37 (b) & (c), The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (1973) guarantees to its citizens that "the State shall eliminate illiteracy and offer free and compulsory secondary education within the least possible time; make technical and professional education normally obtainable and the higher education similarly reachable by all on the basis of merit". And according to the 18th Amendment in the Constitution by the National Assembly of Pakistan in April 2010 along with placement of Article 25-A, free of charge admission to school education was accepted as a basic constitutional and legitimate right of all kids of age 5 to 16 years.

The standard country’s system of education is chiefly motivated from the English system. Pre-school education is arranged for 3–5 years of age and mostly comprises of three stages: Play Group, Nursery, Kindergarten or Preschool (also called 'KG' or 'Prep'). Subsequent to pre-school education, students undergo primary school level from grades 1 to 5. Afterwards middle school level is attended from the grades 6 to 8. At middle school level, separate gender education is generally preferred by the community, although co-education is frequent in urban areas. The syllabus is usually issue of the institution. The eight frequently observed subjects are Urdu, English, mathematics, arts, science, social studies, Islamic studies and occasionally computer education (depending upon accessibility to a pc laboratory). Provincial and local 'languages' such as Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto and others may be trained in their specific areas, mainly in language-medium academic institutions. Some institutions give training in foreign 'languages' such as Turkish, Persian, Arabic, French or Chinese. The language of instruction relies upon the characteristics of the organization itself, even if it is an English-medium school or an Urdu-medium institution.

Children getting Education sitting on the Floor

Low Enrollment Issue

There are approximately 5.5 million kids in Pakistan which do not go to school, the second maximum score in the globe only after Nigeria. Pakistan also has the biggest variety of illiterate grownups on earth, after India and China. Pakistan appears at 160th in total nations of the globe.

These are presently a number of the findings of UNESCO’s report on the situation of worldwide primary education that places Pakistan’s existing educational confrontations in an obvious, negative beam.

Referring to the report, Pakistan is among the 21 nations experiencing “widespread” education problems; this encloses a variety of indexes, such as enrollment, dropout levels, educational achievements and literacy.

Boy at Labour 

Generally, international requirements of primary education looked chiefly harsh in South and West Asia and Western Africa. The nations in these areas, such as Pakistan, are at the back in almost every catalog. Pakistan features along with 17 countries from sub-Saharan Africa, Mauritania, Morocco and India.

Out of Pakistan’s approximated 51 million kids between the ages of five and 16, virtually 24 million (47 percent) are out of the education. At the same time the dropout rates are a serious issue as well as the enrollment is still most important task.

In spite of a five-year pattern illustrating increasing enrollment rates, a lot of kids are still out of schools and more female students than males do not go to schools. 12.8 million girls remain out of school in contrast to 11.2 million boys.